| Hard services | Asset volumes, condition, statutory regimes, travel | SFG20 and NRM3 tasks, labour loading by trade, lifecycle, subcontract | Incomplete asset data, reactive volumes, unrecovered remedials |
| Cleaning | Floor area, area type, frequencies, footfall | Productivity rates, periodic cleans, consumables, equipment | Optimistic productivity, scope creep, wage rises above uplift |
| Catering | Covers, tariff, service style, opening hours | Food cost, GP and subsidy, staffing, equipment and replacement | Falling covers, food inflation, subsidy caps |
| Security | Assignment instructions, posts, hours of cover | Paid hours, holiday and sickness cover, licensing, control room, technology | Unpaid cover, overtime, licence and wage changes |
| Waste and environmental | Waste streams, lift frequencies, tonnage | Collection costs, landfill tax, recycling rebates, reporting | Contamination charges, tonnage growth, rebate swings |
| Grounds | Site area, seasonal regimes, winter service | Seasonal labour, gritting, equipment, green waste | Weather-driven call-outs and unrecovered extras |
| Helpdesk and CAFM | Call volumes, hours, SLAs and KPIs | Agents, CAFM licences, reporting, service credits | KPI deductions and unpriced reporting demands |